Mayor

City of Riverside

City Council

Patricia Lock Dawson

Councilmembers:

Philip Falcone

Clarissa Cervantes

Steven Robillard

Chuck Conder

Sean H. Mill

Agenda en Espanol

Agenda

Jim Perry

Steve Hemenway

Meeting Date: Tuesday, September 16, 2025

Publication Date: Thursday, September 4, 2025

1:00 PM

City Hall - Art Pick Council Chamber

3900 Main Street, Riverside

Live Webcast at:

www.RiversideCA.gov/Meeting

MISSION STATEMENT

The City of Riverside is committed to providing high quality municipal services to

ensure a safe, inclusive, and livable community.

Spanish interpreters will be available in person and via phone.

To participate virtually, two options are available:

VIA TELEPHONE:

Call (951) 826-8686 and follow the prompts to access your desired language. Press

*9 to be placed in the queue to speak. Individuals in the queue will be prompted to

unmute by pressing *6 to speak.

VIA ZOOM:

Use the following link: https://zoom.us/j/93149443969

Select the "raise hand" function to request to speak.

An on screen message will prompt you to "unmute" and speak.

Public comments are limited to 3 minutes.

Please follow along via the telephone or Zoom options above to ensure you call in at

the appropriate time for your item(s).

Please email public comments regarding items on this agenda to

City_Clerk@riversideca.gov.

* * * * *

Pursuant to the City Council Meeting Rules adopted by Resolution No. 24255, the

Members of the City Council and the public are reminded that they must preserve order

and decorum throughout the Meeting. In that regard, Members of the City Council and

the public are advised that any delay or disruption in the proceedings or a refusal to obey

the orders of the City Council or the presiding officer constitutes a violation of these

rules.

The City of Riverside is committed to fostering a workplace that provides dignity, respect,

and civility to our employees, customers, and the public they serve.

The City of Riverside wishes to make all of its public meetings accessible to the public.

Upon request, this agenda will be made available in appropriate alternative formats to

persons with disabilities, as required by 42 U.S.C. §12132 of the Americans with

Disabilities Act of 1990. Any person with a disability who requires a modification or

accommodation in order to participate in a meeting should direct such request to the

City's ADA Coordinator at (951) 826-2211 at least 72 hours before the meeting, if

possible.

Agenda related writings or documents provided to the City Council are available in the

Office of the City Clerk, at www.riversideca.gov/meeting, and in the binder located near

the entrance of the Art Pick Council Chamber while the meeting is in session.

PLEASE NOTE

The numerical order of items on this agenda is for convenience of

reference. Items may be taken out of order upon request of the Mayor or Members of

the City Council.

1 P.M.

MAYOR CALLS MEETING TO ORDER

INVOCATION - Councilmember Mill

PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE TO THE FLAG

PUBLIC COMMENT

Audience participation is encouraged. Public comments are limited to 3 minutes.

To comment on Closed Sessions, Consent Calendar and any matters within the

jurisdiction of the City Council, you are invited to participate in person or call at

(951) 826-8686 and follow the prompts to access your language of preference.

Press *9 to be placed in the queue to speak. Individuals in the queue will be

prompted to unmute by pressing *6 when you are ready to speak.

To participate via ZOOM, use the following link: https://zoom.us/j/93149443969.

Select the "raise hand" function to request to speak. An on-screen message will

prompt you to "unmute" and speak.

MAYOR/COUNCILMEMBER COMMUNICATIONS

Brief reports on conferences, seminars, and regional meetings attended by Mayor

and City Council, Ward updates, and announcements of upcoming events

Announcement of Committee meetings:

Housing and Homelessness Committee at 3:30 p.m. on Monday, September 22,

2025, Art Pick Council Chamber

Governmental Processes Committee at 9 a.m. on Wednesday, October 1, 2025, Art

Pick Council Chamber

Finance Committee at 3 p.m. on Wednesday, October 8, 2025, Art Pick Council

Chamber

Mobility and Infrastructure Committee at 1 p.m. on Thursday, October 9, 2025, Art

Pick Council Chamber

COMMUNICATIONS

City Manager Updates (5-minute presentation)

Declaration of conflicts of interest and ex parte communications (City Council)

PRESENTATIONS - Item #5-7

Library Department overview and employee recognition (10-minute presentation)

Mayor Lock Dawson to present Proclamation recognizing October 1 as Clean Air

Day (5-minute presentation)

Keep Riverside Clean and Beautiful annual report (Public Works) (All Wards)

(10-minute presentation)

CONSENT CALENDAR - Item # 8-51

All matters listed under the CONSENT CALENDAR are considered routine by the City

Council and may be enacted by one motion in the form listed below. There will be no

separate discussion of these items unless, before the City Council votes on the motion to

adopt, Members of the City Council or staff request specific items be removed from the

Consent Calendar for separate action.

Airport

Award Bid 8128 to Michael's Discount Painting, Menifee, for $49,000 and authorize

20 percent change order authority, for total not-to-exceed $58,800 from Airport

Main Terminal Painting Project Expenditure Account for painting at main terminal

building at Riverside Municipal Airport

Supplemental appropriation

Five

affirmative votes required - 6951 Flight Road (Ward 3)

Lease Agreement with L&R Consulting, LLC., for estimated lease revenue of

$18,004.80 for 5,775 square feet of airport property through July 31, 2030, with

five-year extension option - Riverside Municipal Airport - 6803 Airport Drive (Ward

Award Bid 8127 to R&R Roofing and Waterproofing, Inc., Lake Elsinore, for

$660,705 and authorize 15 percent change order authority up to $99,105.75 for

total not-to-exceed $759,810.75 from Airport Critical Capital Project, Building and

Improvements Account for re-roofing of three structures - Riverside Municipal

Airport - 6951 Flight Road (Ward 3)

City Attorney

Introduce an Ordinance of the City of Riverside, California, amending Section

1.17.121(A) of the Riverside Municipal Code to add Chapter 5.85 Junk

Dealers/Scrap Metal Recyclers in the included list, and the Title of Section 9.40.120

of the Riverside Municipal Code regarding Appeal (All Wards)

Increase budget to Redwood Public Law’s work on public/private partnership

projects from $250,000 to $661,750 with legal costs paid by developer

Supplemental appropriation - Five affirmative votes required (All Wards)

Adopt an Ordinance of the City of Riverside, California, amending Title 9 of the

Riverside Municipal Code by amending Section 9.08.165 regarding the parking of

recreational vehicles in City parks - Waive further reading (Intro. on 8-19-25, All

Wards)

City Clerk

Appoint Corey Cullen to Transportation Board Ward 4 seat - File resignation of

Willie Holley from Budget Engagement Commission Resident Ward 7 seat (All

Wards)

Minutes of August 19 and September 2, 2025

City Council

Governmental Processes Committee recommends introduction of an Ordinance of

the City of Riverside, California, amending Chapter 2.90 of the Riverside Municipal

Code regarding the membership of the Budget Engagement Commission (All

Wards)

Mayor's Nominating and Screening Committee recommends appointment to

Northwest Mosquito and Vector Control District (All Wards)

Safety, Wellness, and Youth Committee recommends introduction an Ordinance of

the City of Riverside, California, amending Riverside Municipal Code Chapter 9.60

establishing liability for Extraordinary Responses to certain Emergency Incidents

and Dangerous Properties to include payment of City's actual public safety

response costs (All Wards)

City Manager

Authorize amendments to all federally funded subcontracts and pass-through

agreements as-needed to ensure compliance with current and future federal

Executive Orders (All Wards)

Community and Economic Development

Adopt an Ordinance of the City of Riverside, California, amending Chapter 3.30 of

the Riverside Municipal Code, to amend an existing Category Title to the Schedule

of Regulation, Products, and Services titled Commercial Cannabis Sales Permit Fee

to Commercial Cannabis Permit Fees - Waive further reading (Intro. on 8-19-25, All

Wards)

Finance

A Resolution of City Council of the City of Riverside declaring its Intention to

establish Riverside Community Facilities District No. 2025-2 (Sagecrest) of the City

of Riverside, to authorize the Levy of a Special Tax on property within the District to

pay the costs of providing public services including public safety and maintenance

services within proposed Community Facilities District - Waive further reading -

Schedule public hearing for October 28, 2025, at 3 p.m. (Ward 5)

Fire

Donation of surplus fire vehicles and equipment to Sister City Ensenada, Mexico (All

Wards)

Reimbursement of $107,797.03 from Riverside Community College District/Moreno

Valley for Fire Department instructional training hours per Inter-Agency Instructional

Services Agreement - Supplemental appropriation - Five affirmative votes required

(All Wards)

General Services

Temporary waiver of formal procurement in accordance with Purchasing Resolution

24101 Section 602(p) to expedite difficult purchases of new and used Police

Department vehicles and motorcycles from various vendors for total not-to-exceed

$1.7 million Measure Z Fund, Police Field Operations, Vehicles Replacement- PD

Account through June 30, 2026 (All Wards)

Agreement with Siemens Industry, Inc., Cypress, for $307,935 from General

Services Professional Services Account for Heating, Ventilation, and Air

Conditioning (HVAC) building automation technical support and equipment at

various City facilities through June 30, 2030 (All Wards)

Sixth Amendment to Services Agreement with Universal Building Maintenance, LLC.,

doing business as Allied Universal Janitorial Services for increased compensation

of $917,787.30, plus 20 percent change order authority, for total contract amount of

$6,178,548.66 from various Department Budgets for annual custodial services at

multiple City facilities through June 30, 2026 (All Wards)

Housing and Human Services

Amendment to Fiscal Year 2021-2022 United States Department of Housing and

Urban Development Annual Action Plan and HOME Investment Partnerships

Program and Grant Agreement - American Rescue Plan Allocation Plan for

increase of $6,524 in grant funds for Tenant-Based Rental Assistance Program -

Supplemental appropriation - Five affirmative votes required (All Wards)

American Rescue Plan Act Loan Agreement with Riverside Housing Development

Corporation for $644,384.65 in Emergency Rental Assistance Round 2 grant funds

to rehabilitate the 51-unit Oaktree Apartments including 25 American Rescue Plan

Act-restricted units - 1946 Seventh Street (Ward 1)

Human Resources

Third Amendment to Agreement with DBS Administrators doing business as The

Advantage Group for nine-month extension to provide third-party COBRA and

retiree billing administration services with administrative fees paid by participants

receiving services and City shall pay $0.50 per participant per month through

December 31, 2025, upon mutual agreement of both parties (All Wards)

Third Amendment to Agreement with Legal Access Plans, Inc., doing business as

Legalease for four-month extension from July 1 through November 30, 2025, to

provide volunteer group legal insurance for employees with fees paid by participants

receiving services (All Wards)

Revisions to Human Resources Policy and Procedure Manual including Probation

and Probationary Periods Policy (I-5), Salary Plan Administration Policy (II-3), and

Retirement (CalPERS) Policy (V-13) (All Wards)

Museum

Request for Proposal 2418 - Agreement with Holden Films, LLC, Palm Springs, for

$160,000 from Grants and Restricted Programs Fund, Harada Documentary

revenue and expenditure accounts for Phase 1 documentary filmmaking services

for documentary of the Harada Family story and rehabilitation of Harada House

through December 31, 2028 - Supplemental appropriation - Five affirmative votes

required (All Wards)

Parks, Recreation, and Community Services

Request for Proposal 2445 Agreement with Pacific Coast Landscape & Design,

Inc., doing business as Pacific Coast Landscape and Design, Riverside, for

$316,800, with 10 percent change order, for total contract amount of $348,480 from

General Fund, Parks and Recreation-Neighborhood Maintenance Contract Account

for mowing and edging services at various City park facilities September 30, 2027,

with one optional three-year term extension, not to exceed total of five years (Wards

1, 5 and 6)

Increase number of Full-Time Equivalents in Special Transportation Division’s

budget for six additional full-time minibus driver positions, going from 25.00 FTE to

31.00 FTE in PCN 5200203950 position (All Wards)

Police

Accept donation of 25 vigilant automated license plate reader camera systems with

13 communication boxes and necessary wiring valued at $76,620 from City of

Rancho Mirage (All Wards)

Appropriate Asset Forfeiture Funds of $715,000 to Grants and Restricted Programs

Fund, Police Asset Forfeiture Programs revenue and expenditure accounts - Funds

transfer - Five affirmative votes required (All Wards)

Smart Programming subscriptions from Motorola for $182,622 for up to 550

Motorola APX Next Single Band Model 4.5 Portable Radios

appropriation - Fund transfer - Five affirmative votes required (All Wards)

Supplemental

Third Amendment to Agreement with American Forensic Nurses, Inc., La Quinta, for

increased amount of $26,000, for total not-to-exceed $103,000 from Police

Administrative Services, Professional Services Account for biological evidence

collection services through June 30, 2025 (All Wards)

Third and Fourth Amendments to Agreement with Bio-Tox Laboratories, Inc., for

forensic toxicology testing services related to California Highway Patrol (CHP)

arrests in the City of Riverside including services requested by Riverside Police

Department and to update payment provisions to current Test List and Fees

schedule (All Wards)

Adopt an Ordinance of the City of Riverside, California, amending Chapter 5.15 of

the Riverside Municipal Code - Regulation of Riverside Police Official Police Tow

Truck to clarify definitions, eliminate unnecessary verbiage, create consistency

between Chapter 5.15 and Official Police Tow Truck Service Agreement and

implement procedural changes to improve operational efficiency - Waive further

reading (Intro. on 8-19-25, All Wards)

Public Utilities

Adopt 2025 Public Water System Report on Public Health Goals (PHG) as required

under California Health and Safety Code Section 116470(c) (All Wards)

First Amendment to Master Agreement from Request for Proposal 2289 with Hardy

& Harper, Inc., Lake Forest, for not-to-exceed $4,000,000 per fiscal year for

as-needed asphalt and concrete repair services for water system maintenance, for

term through June 30, 2028, with one additional two-year extension option - A

Resolution of the City Council of the City of Riverside, California, waiving the Formal

Bidding Provisions of Section 1109 of the Charter of the City of Riverside under the

Utilities Project exception therein for the selection of Hardy & Harper, Inc., for the

asphalt and concrete repair services for Water System Maintenance - Waive

further reading - Supplemental appropriation - Five affirmative votes required (All

Wards)

Request for Proposal 2434 Agreement with KEWO Engineering Corporation, Inc.,

Diamond Bar, for not-to-exceed $150,000 annually on an as-needed basis, for

professional engineering services including electrical studies at various water utility

facilities through December 31, 2030 (All Wards)

Public Works

Purchase of 15-foot CNG Dump Truck from PB Loader Co., Fresno, under

Sourcewell Cooperative Agreement No. 080521-PBL, for $349,856.29 from Sewer

Fund, Sewer Collection System Maintenance, Automotive Equipment Account for

Public Works Wastewater Division - Riverside Water Quality Control Plant (All

Wards)

Second Amendment to Agreement with Geo-Logic Associates, Inc., Ontario, for

$93,123, for total of $302,362 from Refuse Fund Solid Waste Refuse Disposal

Professional Services Regulatory Compliance Account for water quality monitoring

and reporting services for closed Tequesquite Landfill extending term through June

30, 2026 (All Wards)

Second Amendment to Agreement with Synagro-WWT, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland,

for $8,323,810, for total contract amount of $18,134,204 from Sewer Fund Sewer

Systems Treatment, Refuse/Disposal Fees Account for biosolids hauling and

disposal/reuse services at Riverside Regional Water Quality Control Plant through

June 30, 2027 (All Wards)

Second Amendment to Agreement with Flo-Service, Inc., Burbank, for $180,000,

for total contract amount of $605,000 from Sewer Fund, Collection System

Maintenance, Professional Services Account for on-call repair, maintenance, and

service for various sewer lift station pumps through June 30, 2026 (All Wards)

Change order increase to Purchase Order Number 253122 for Fiscal Year

2024-2025 animal control field and licensing services for $577,723.51, from General

Fund, Non-Departmental - Public Works, Riverside County Animal Control Account

for revised purchase order amount of $3,781,907.51 (All Wards)

Proposed implementation of speed humps on John Street between Victoria and

Cleveland Avenues with installation of speed humps, signage and pavement

markings estimated at $21,480 from Public Works Department Measure A, Capital

Outlay, Traffic Signal Project, Speed Hump Traffic Calming Program, 2009 Measure

A Account (Ward 4)

Second Amendment to Agreement with Landscape Maintenance of America doing

business as California Highway Adoption Company in the amount of $128,932.22,

for new total contract amount of $228,932.21 from Measure A-Jurupa Ext. Van

Buren-Rutland Accounts for homeless encampment cleanup services within

conservation easement at former Hole Lake (Ward 7)

Introduce an Ordinance of the City Council of the City of Riverside, California,

amending various sections in Title 6 of the Riverside Municipal Code regarding

Residential Solid Waste and Recyclable Material to establish inspection and

enforcement process of contamination, overfill/overweight, cart replacement, and

hazardous waste clean-up (All Wards)

DISCUSSION CALENDAR - Item # 54-55

Audience participation is encouraged. Public comments are limited to 3 minutes.

Adopt an Urgency Ordinance of the City Council of the City of Riverside, California,

establishing a Moratorium on the establishment of new smoke shops, and issuance

of new tobacco retail establishment permits for smoke shops within the City - Waive

further reading

presentation)

Four-fifths vote required (Police) (All Wards) (10-minute

Award Bid 8186 to PCN3 Inc., Los Alamitos, for $15,188,000, plus 30 percent

contingency of $4,556,400, for total amount of $19,744,400 funded by California

State Grant for Cesar Chavez Community Center Renovation Project to include

hazardous abatement and interior/exterior renovations - 2060 University Avenue

(Parks, Recreation and Community Services) (Ward 1) (15-minute presentation)

Economic Development Committee recommends introduction of an Ordinance of the

City of Riverside, California, amending Title 16 of the Riverside Municipal Code by

adding Sections 16.04.430, 16.06.050, 16.08.100 and 16.14.030 regarding the Plan

Check Self-Certification Program (Community and Economic Development) (All

Wards) (15-minute presentation)

CLOSED SESSIONS - Item # 56-66

Time listed is approximate.

The City Council may adjourn to the below listed Closed

Sessions at their convenience during this City Council meeting.

Pursuant to Government Code §54956.9(d)(1) to confer with and/or receive advice

from legal counsel concerning City of Riverside v. Realty Income Corporation, et al,

Riverside Superior Court Case No: CVRI2501890

Pursuant to Government Code §54956.9(d)(1) to confer with and/or receive from

legal counsel concerning Robert Bahling v. City of Riverside Claim No(s): 250066

Pursuant to Government Code §54956.9(d)(1) to confer with and/or receive from

legal counsel concerning Richard McDonald v. City of Riverside, WCAB Claim

No(s): ADJ19375400; ADJ19375405

Pursuant to Government Code §54956.9(d)(1) to confer with and/or receive advice

from legal counsel concerning Frank Hoyos v. City of Riverside, Riverside Superior

Court Case No. CVRI2201332

Pursuant to Government Code §54956.9(d)(1) to confer with and/or receive from

legal

counsel

concerning

Tonya

Pasco

City

Riverside,

Claim

No.:ADJ12250616

Pursuant to Government Code §54956.9(d)(1) to confer with and/or receive advice

from legal counsel concerning Estate of Joseph Tracy IV, et al. v. City of Riverside,

United States District Court Case No. 5:23-cv-2641

Pursuant to Government Code §54956.9(d)(1) to confer with and/or receive advice

from legal counsel concerning Gall Martinez v. City of Riverside, Riverside County

Superior Court Case No. CVRI2404903

Pursuant to Government Code §54956.9(d)(1) to confer with and/or receive from

legal counsel concerning Shawn Casteel v. City of Riverside Claim No(s): 250083 /

ADJ19981654

Pursuant to Government Code §54956.9(d)(1) to confer with and/or receive advice

from legal counsel concerning Jane Doe v. City of Riverside, United States District

Court Eastern District Case No. 5:25-cv-2181 JGB (Ex)

Pursuant to Government Code §54956.8 to instruct City’s Negotiator, Charles M.

Futrell, regarding price and terms of payment for the purchase, sale, exchange, or

lease of Freeway signs at: 215 North of Columbia Ave., 91 West of Arlington Ave.,

60 East of 215/60 Interchange, 215 South of 215/60 Interchange, 91 South of

University Ave., 14th Street at Vine, Indiana Ave. at Madison St., Magnolia Ave. at

Brockton Ave., Tyler St. at Diana Ave., Van Buren Blvd. at Indiana Ave. - Lamar

Advertising Company - C. Todd Porter

Pursuant to Government Code §54956.9(d)(2) to confer with and/or receive advice

from legal counsel concerning anticipated litigation - one case

Pursuant to Government Code §54956.9(d)(4) to confer with and/or receive advice

from legal counsel concerning the City Council deciding whether to initiate litigation

- two cases

Pursuant to Government Code §54957(a), for consultation with Larry Gonzalez,

Riverside Chief of Police, or his respective deputy, and George Khalil, Chief

Innovation Officer regarding threat to public services or facilities

Pursuant to Government Code §54957.6 to review the City Council's position and

instruct designated representatives regarding salaries, salary schedules, or

compensation paid in the form of fringe benefits of all Executive Management

employees except the City Manager, City Attorney, and City Clerk, all Management

and Confidential employees as defined by PERS, Fire Management Unit, Riverside

City Firefighters Association, Riverside Police Officers Association (Police and

Police

Supervisory

Units),

Service

Employees

International

Union

#721,

International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers #47, and Riverside Police

Administrators Association

3 P.M.

PUBLIC HEARINGS - Item # 67-70

Audience participation is encouraged.

Public comments are limited to 3 minutes. Press

*9 to be placed in the queue to speak when the discussion item is called.

Mobile home parks rent stabilization annual review (Housing and Human Services)

(All Wards) (10-minute presentation)

Case PR-2025-001821 - Title 20 Cultural Resources Code Text Amendments -

Determine project is exempt from further California Environmental Quality Act

(CEQA) review pursuant to Sections 15308 (Actions to Protect Environment),

15060(c)(2) (No Physical Change), 15060(c)(3) (Not A Project), and 15061(b)(3)

(General Rule), as proposed amendment will cause no direct or indirect change to

environment, does not meet the definition of a Project under CEQA, and it can be

seen with certainty that proposed amendment will not have an effect on environment

- Historic District and Spanish Town Road sign programs, Landmark Plaques

program, and historic district survey - Introduce an Ordinance of the City Council of

the City of Riverside, California, amending Table 20.15.010 and deleting Sections

20.15.085 and

20.30.030 in their entirety - Supplemental appropriation - Five

affirmative votes required (Community and Economic Development) (All Wards)

(10-minute presentation)

A Resolution of the City Council of the City of Riverside, California, authorizing

certain actions related to the extension of a Reimbursement Agreement related to

the previously authorized and issued Variable Rate Refunding Water Revenue

Bonds, Issue of 2011A, for additional three year term for estimated cost of

$259,000 - Waive further reading - Approve Financing Team consisting of Finance,

City Attorney, Public Utilities, Stradling, Yocca, Carlson & Rauth, as Bond Counsel,

PFM Financial Advisors, LLC.,as Municipal Advisor, PNC Bank, National

Association, as Letter Of Credit Bank (Finance) (All Wards) (10-minute

presentation)

A Resolution of the City Council of the City of Riverside, California, confirming the

annual report of the Arlington Business Partnership, acting in its capacity as the

Advisory Board to the Arlington Business Improvement District to levying

assessments for Fiscal Year 2025-2026 and approving the levy and collection of the

2025-2026 Annual Assessment - Adopt an Ordinance of the City of Riverside,

California, amending Sections 3.48.050 and 3.48.070 of the Riverside Municipal

Code regarding the Arlington Business Improvement District to amend boundaries

and levy methodology - Waive further readings (Intro. on 8-19-25, Wards 5 and 6)

(5-minute presentation)

COMMUNICATIONS

73 City Attorney report on Closed Session discussions

Items for future City Council consideration as requested by Mayor or Members of

the City Council - City Manager/City Attorney reports

* * * * * * * * *

The next regular City Council meeting is scheduled for

Tuesday,

, 2025

City Council meetings broadcast with closed captioning available on

AT&T Channel 99,

Charter Spectrum Channel 3,

and Frontier Cable Channel 21

Rebroadcast Wednesdays at 9 p.m., Fridays at 1 p.m., and Saturdays at 9 a.m.

View live Webcast of the City Council Meeting at:

www.RiversideCA.gov/Meeting

Follow on Twitter:

City of Riverside (@riversidecagov)

Parks, Recreation, and Community Services (@rivcaparkandrec)

Riverside Fire Department (@RivCAFire)

Riverside Police Department (@RiversidePolice)

Riverside Public Utilities (@RPUNews)

* * * * * * * * *

missing persons, and evacuations of buildings or neighborhoods.